Are Austin Allergies the Worst? Your Austin Allergy Survival Guide

What You Need to Know from a Board-Certified Austin Allergist

In the following article, Douglas Barstow, MD, discusses the most common allergies in Austin, TX.  Dr. Barstow is a board-certified Austin allergist with Allergy Partners. With a strong allergy, asthma, and immunology background, Dr. Barstow has helped thousands of people overcome debilitating allergy symptoms.

Dr. Barstow is a long-time allergy sufferer with an innate intellectual curiosity. In addition to his medical and scientific interests, Dr. Barstow also measures the daily Austin pollen count using a mechanical 24-hour pollen collector, then counting the number of pollen and mold particles by hand under a microscope.  For the latest Austin Pollen Counts, be sure to follow Allergy Partners of Central Texas on X (Twitter).

Why is Central Texas one of the Worst Places for Allergies?

It can sometimes be a shock that allergy symptoms can be so severe. Many of our patients have had multiple visits to their PCP or urgent care for sinus infections or the flu, only to discover that they have allergies instead.

What makes Austin so special for allergies? They never stop! Most places have spring, summer, or fall allergy seasons, but only in Austin does the pollen continue right through winter for the worst allergy season of them all – cedar season.

Cedar Fever in Austin

Technically a species of Juniper tree, Mountain Cedar is an overgrowth phenomenon in the Austin-San Antonio corridor that results in extreme pollen levels from December through early March.

During cedar fever season, many people in Central Texas experience symptoms caused by an allergy to mountain cedar pollen. Although cedar fever can cause significant respiratory issues, it is not a contagious illness. Allergies are an abnormal immune response that can be triggered by pet dander or airborne pollen, even at low levels. During this time of year, Central Texas experiences the highest pollen concentration of any other region in the United States. For the most up-to-date local pollen counts, click here.

To learn more about how you can identify the symptoms of Cedar Fever, and protect your family, check out this comprehensive blog: Cedar Fever in Texas.

Even people who do not typically experience allergies can be overwhelmed by the heavy pollen load during cedar season. The intensity and duration of the symptoms can vary depending on individual susceptibility and the weather conditions.

But cedar is not all that makes us special allergy-wise…

What are Common Seasonal Allergies in Austin?

While cedar fever generally dominates the winter, year-round allergies are extremely common. Here’s a breakdown of the types of allergens released throughout the year in Austin:

• Spring: Spring allergy season actually starts in February. Elm and oak seasons overlap with cedar, multiplying your allergy triggers. Ash, pecan, mulberry, willow and others then join the spring pollen party for months of sniffles and itchy eyes. Oak pollinates so heavily that it paints all the cars yellow and can act like air pollution even for people who don’t have allergies!
• Summer: Summer gives some folks a break because grass does not produce as much pollen around here, but it is a very long season lasting from March through October so it can still cause trouble. However, people who are allergic to mold might have to face another struggle! Austin is warm enough and green enough that we can see high levels of mold particles from spring through…
• Fall: Fall, bringing us to ragweed season. Ragweed pollen levels vary from year to year depending on previous months’ rain. Sagebrush, marsh elder, pigweed and other weeds also bloom keeping the allergy ball rolling all year long.

What are the Symptoms of Austin Allergies?

The severity of cedar fever and other allergy symptoms can vary greatly from person to person. Some experience only minor discomfort, while others require medical intervention to manage more severe reactions.

While it does not typically cause a fever, cedar fever’s collection of symptoms can closely mimic respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu. Understanding the symptoms and preventative measures is essential to managing this common condition.

The symptoms of cedar fever can vary from person to person, but they are typically characterized by the following:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Watery eyes
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Coughing
• Loss of smell and taste

These symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual’s sensitivity and the severity of the allergy.

Similarities with COVID-19, Colds, and Flu

The symptoms of cedar fever are often similar to those of COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu. These respiratory illnesses share common symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, fatigue, and loss of smell and taste. However, it is important to note that – despite the name – cedar fever doesn’t generally cause a fever like the flu or COVID-19 (though it sometimes can). Nevertheless, the similarity in the symptoms can create confusion and lead to misdiagnosis or unnecessary worries.

Check out our latest blog on how to understand the difference between COVID-19, colds and flu here: Is It COVID-19 or Something Else?

Impact of Cedar Fever on People with Asthma

Pollen allergy is a common trigger for asthma, and cedar fever is no exception. In fact, visits to the Austin area ER for asthma significantly increase during cedar season. Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. It is important to recognize these symptoms and promptly seek medical attention if they persist or become severe.

How Can I Treat Austin Allergies?

Whether you are experiencing cedar fever or another type of Austin seasonal allergy, several strategies can help you reduce the severity of your symptoms. Combining allergy medications, lifestyle modifications, and immunotherapy can help effectively manage your allergy symptoms.

Allergy Medications

Antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroid nasal sprays are commonly used allergy medications that can help alleviate the discomfort associated with seasonal allergies. These medications work by blocking the inflammation caused by allergies. They temporarily treat the symptoms of allergies, but do not actually make you less allergic.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or allergy drops, is a natural, long-term approach to managing allergies. It involves gradually normalizing your immune system to build up your body’s tolerance to specific allergens. Unlike allergy medications, which only treat the symptoms of allergies, immunotherapy actually makes you less allergic over time, treating the problem at the source instead of just masking the symptoms. Immunotherapy can significantly reduce allergy symptoms and is often recommended for those with severe allergies or asthma, those who do not tolerate the side effects of medicines, or those who simply prefer a more natural approach to treatment.

Early Medical Treatment

If you have allergic asthma, please visit your allergist early in the season. By starting treatment early, you can effectively manage your condition before the season fully begins. This may involve making sure you have sufficient medications on hand and discussing whether immunotherapy treatments are warranted.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Making certain lifestyle adjustments can also contribute to the management of seasonal allergy symptoms. These adjustments include the following:

• Checking Pollen Levels: Monitoring the pollen levels in your area daily using resources like the Allergy Partners X (Twitter) Pollen Count can help you make informed decisions about outdoor activities and help you plan your allergy management strategy.
• Closing Windows: Keeping windows closed during peak pollen times can help prevent the inhalation of pollen allergens. Keeping a barrier between you and pollen is particularly important if you spend a significant amount of time indoors.
• Regular Vacuuming: Vacuuming regularly can help remove pollen and other allergens from carpets, upholstery, and other surfaces in your home. Use a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in your vacuum cleaner to capture smaller particles.
• Wearing Particle Masks: When venturing outdoors during peak pollen seasons, wearing a particle mask can help filter out allergens and reduce exposure.
• Changing Air Filters: Changing your filter in your air conditioning unit regularly can help trap pollen and other allergens that circulate through your HVAC system.

There you have it. The big secret is out. Winter, spring, summer and fall! Welcome to Austin, Welcome to allergies!

The good news is that while allergies are a big deal, there are some very effective ways to manage them that will get you back on your feet and enjoying all the amazing things Austin has to offer!

What Causes Hives? What You Need to Know About Urticaria

Experiencing hives for the first time can be nothing short of alarming. Fortunately, hives are generally not an indication of a serious illness, though they can be uncomfortable. Here’s what you need to know about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of hives.

Any sudden change in the skin’s appearance or texture can be highly worrying, and hives can appear very, very suddenly. In fact, hives can develop so quickly that it’s possible to watch the changes occurring in real-time!

What are hives?

Hives, clinically known as urticaria or colloquially as wheals, are raised, splotchy skin eruptions that can be red, pink, or flesh-colored.
The size and severity of hives can vary greatly. They can range from small, itchy bumps that are less than 1/2 inch in diameter to large, swollen areas that can span several inches in diameter. In some cases, hives can be so extensive that they cover a significant portion of the body

What are the symptoms of hives?

The symptoms of hives can vary from person to person, but may include:

• Raised, red welts or bumps on the skin
• Itching, which may be severe
• Swelling and redness around the hives
• Burning or stinging sensation

Although hives may be uncomfortable and annoying, they are typically not a dangerous medical condition. However, in rare cases, hives can be a sign of a serious underlying disorder, such as an allergic reaction, infection, or chronic disease. Consulting a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment is important.

Are hives a type of rash?

Yes, hives are a type of rash, but there are several noteworthy differences.
Not all rashes are hives. The majority of rashes heal slowly, taking 24 hours or longer to fade, potentially leaving scars and discoloration. Acute hives, on the other hand, typically resolve after a few hours and do not leave marks or scars.

Why do I have hives?

The exact cause of hives is not fully understood, but it is believed that an immune system reaction triggered by an allergen causes the release of histamine and other chemicals in the skin. This immune system overreaction can cause blood vessels to dilate, leading to swelling and inflammation.
Hives can develop anywhere on the skin, including the face, arms, legs, and torso. They may also occur on the scalp, inside the mouth or throat, or around the eyes. The affected areas may be red, itchy, and swollen and may tingle or burn.

Did something I ate cause hives?

Hives can be caused by an allergen, which might come from various sources, including food, medications, or other potential irritants.

The cause of sudden urticaria can vary from person to person, but several potential factors can contribute to its development.

• Allergic Reactions: When the immune system mistakenly identifies a substance as harmful, it releases chemicals called histamines that cause the skin to become inflamed and itchy. Common triggers for allergic reactions include certain foods, medications, insect stings, latex, and certain medications.
  
• Infections: Viral infections, such as herpes simplex and shingles, can cause the body to release histamines, leading to the development of hives. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat and urinary tract infections, can also trigger hives as a symptom.
  
• Physical Factors: Exposure to heat, cold, pressure, or vibration can trigger an outbreak of hives. This can occur due to changes in body temperature, physical trauma to the skin, or certain physical activities.
  
• Autoimmune Disorders: In rare cases, hives can be a symptom of an underlying autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, in this case, the skin. Conditions such as autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been shown to sometimes cause sudden urticaria.
  
• Stress and Anxiety: Although stress itself may not directly cause hives, it can play a role in triggering or exacerbating the condition. Emotional and physical stress can cause the release of stress hormones, which can increase inflammation and exacerbate allergic reactions.
  

Can water cause hives?

In very rare instances, exposure to water can cause an outbreak of hives.

Aquagenic urticaria is a rare disorder characterized by a sudden and severe outbreak of hives after coming into contact with water of any temperature. The water might come from natural sources, swimming pools, tap water, or even sweat. The condition affects an estimated .000001 of the global population.

The exact cause of aquagenic urticaria is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an immune response triggered by the proteins found in water.

Can clothing cause hives?

Physical urticaria is an outbreak of hives caused by an external, stimulating element. Restrictive clothing and belts can trigger hives.

Can the sun cause hives?

Solar urticaria is a rare condition where exposure to sunlight leads to an outbreak of hives. This condition is characterized by a rapid and severe reaction upon exposure to sunlight, resulting in itchy, red, and swollen skin.

The exact cause behind solar urticaria is not known, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response triggered by sunlight.

Why won’t my hives go away?

The duration of an outbreak of hives depends upon whether the hives are chronic or acute.

Chronic Hives
Chronic hives symptoms are characterized by their persistence. These symptoms are similar to those of short-lived hives, but they occur at least twice per week and last for more than six weeks.

The exact cause of chronic hives is often difficult to determine. While there may be an underlying trigger in some cases, the majority of cases are considered idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause.

Acute Hives
Acute hives, also known as acute urticaria, are a temporary skin condition. The hives typically appear within minutes to hours and last for a relatively short duration, ranging from a few hours to a few days.

Acute hives can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, such as certain foods, medications, environmental factors, viral infections, or exercise. However, not all triggers are known.

How are hives treated?

• Acute hives can be treated using the following interventions:
• Over-the-counter medications: Over-the-counter antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or loratadine (Claritin), can help block the release of histamine, a chemical in the body that triggers the allergic reaction that causes hives. These medications are usually safe when used as directed and can provide temporary relief.
• Prescription corticosteroids: In severe cases of acute hives, topical or oral corticosteroids can reduce inflammation and alleviate itch and discomfort.
• Cold compress: Applying a cold compress can provide temporary relief from acute hives by reducing swelling and itching.
• Colloidal oatmeal baths: Colloidal oatmeal baths can soothe the skin and reduce swelling associated with acute hives. The chemical structure of colloidal oatmeal reduces cytokines, a protein group that triggers an inflammatory response.

Chronic hives can be an indication of a more serious underlying medical condition. In some cases, they may be triggered by an undiagnosed infection or an underlying hormonal disorder, such as thyroid disease. Consulting a medical professional is crucial to rule out any potential underlying medical conditions that may be causing the hives.

In cases where the trigger responsible for the hives has been identified, your doctor will work with you to determine the best course of action.

Certain medications may be prescribed if the trigger for chronic hives is not known or if the patient’s immune system is responding abnormally. Antihistamines and H2 blockers are commonly used to treat chronic hives. They are typically prescribed orally and can be taken as needed.

While antihistamines and H2 blockers can provide temporary relief, they are not a long-term solution for chronic hives. Ongoing evaluation and management by a board-certified allergist are essential to ensure appropriate treatment and effectively address the condition.

Allergy Partners: Offering Effective Immunotherapy Solutions for Chronic Hives

At Allergy Partners, we specialize in providing a comprehensive range of services proven effective in managing and treating hives from allergies and other symptoms.
If you are struggling with hives or other allergy symptoms, contact the helpful team at Allergy Partners today to schedule a consultation.